Atrial fibrillation (AF) has been associated with tricuspid annulus (TA) dilation in patients with severe functional tricuspid regurgitation (TR); however, the impact of AF is less clear in patients without severe TR. Our aim was to characterize TA remodelling in patients with AF in the absence of severe TR using 3D transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE).
Conclusion
AF is associated with right atrial and tricuspid annular remodelling independent of the presence of Left Heart Disease in patients with intrinsically normal tricuspid leaflets without severe TR.
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Temos centenas de artigos usando o 3D para volume e medidas estruturais com alguma vantagem
The apparent limitations of the RT3DE are largely related to its ongoing development,28,29 specifically, the low rates of frames caused by imperfect translation of data sets and lack of agreement among the various softwares used for 3D evaluation.
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The results from the regional wall motion abnormalities need to be verified in larger studies.
2.5. Special Precautions for Stress Tests Stress tests are essential in the evaluation of patients with suspected or confirmed coronary heart disease. They include exercise or pharmacological stress tests with any of the nuclear cardiology imaging modalities (single-photon emission computed tomography/positron emission tomography [SPECT/ PET]), echocardiography, or cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR). However, stress tests can increase the risk of contamination by droplets and should be deferred (for patients at low risk for COVID-19) or cancelled (for patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19). Pharmacological stress should have preference over exercise
10.36660/abc.20210133
Position Statement on Indications and the Safe Reintroduction of Cardiovascular Imaging Methods in the COVID-19 Scenario – 2021
Na ausência de dados científicos confiáveis, sempre é uma boa idéia seguir o bom senso.
Mas a transmissão do COVID por partículas segue 3 varíaveis:
1- Taxa de emissão de partículas pelo infectado
2- Tempo de exposição ao espaço com o infectado vetor
3- Taxa de troca do ar da sala frequentada
Supondo a sala ser a mesma para os procedimentos de Ecoestresse físico e farmacológico,
o tempo de exposição no Farmacológico vai de 45 a 60 minutos na sala.
Já no Físico, raramente ultrapassa 15 minutos. Sem contar que a respiração aumentada ocorre só nos 5 minutos finais.
Com máscara, seria a emissão de partículas ao esforço, 3 a 4 vezes ou até mais, superior ao repouso relativo do farmacológico?
Difícil responder esta pergunta com dados científicos.
Com estas dificuldade de objetividade, o mais correto é não realizar Ecoestresse de qualquer modalidade em casos com suspeita, mesmo que mínima.
