Color M: Gradientes atriais e ventriculares na diástole.

.

Loss of Adrenergic Augmentation of Diastolic Intra-LV Pressure Difference in Patients With Diastolic DysfunctionEvaluation by Color M-Mode Echocardiography

.
AQUI  LINK
.

.

Methods  We studied 166 consecutive patients undergoing dobutamine stress echocardiography who had no inducible ischemia and an EF ≥50%, of which 21 had normal diastolic function, 14 had impaired relaxation (grade 1), 80 had pseudonormal filling (grade 2), and 51 had restrictive filling (grade 3). Color M-mode Doppler (CMMD) images of mitral inflow were obtained at rest and during low (10 μg/kg/min) and peak (20 to 40 μg/kg/min) doses of dobutamine. The total IVPD from the LA to LV apex, LA to mid-LV, and mid-LV to the LV apex were calculated using the CMMD data to integrate the Euler equation.
Results  Total IVPD was not different between groups at rest. With dobutamine, the total IVPD increased by 2.20 ± 1.95 mm Hg in normal subjects and by only 0.73 ± 1.33 mm Hg, 1.84 ± 1.63 mm Hg, and 1.08 ± 1.57 mm Hg in patients with grades 1, 2, and 3 DD, respectively. This difference was due to a failure in augmentation of IVPD from the mid-LV to the LV apex, indicating reduced apical ventricular suction with DD, whereas the IVPD from the LA to the mid-LV responded similarly to dobutamine in normal subjects and those with DD.
.
Conclusions  In patients with preserved EF, DD is associated with a reduced adrenergic augmentation of the IVPD from the mid-LV to the LV apex, reflecting less apical suction.
.
Você chegou a pensar que o modo M Color não servia para mais nada?
.
Interessante trabalho publicado no JACC mostra variações do gradiente entre o átrio e ventrículo na diástole e a ação da Dobutamina sobre ele.
.
Parece que o ápice perde mesmo a sucção induzida por estímulo adrenérgico.
.
Este estudo ajudou a esclarecer uma dúvida:
Como a velocidade da onda E era aumentada na taquicardia fisiológica para acelerar o fluxo mitral passivo com o encurtamento da diástole?
.
Afinal, a taquicardia do exercício encurta o tempo de enchimento, uma condição que poderia piorar o débito.
.
Caso houve um aumento do gradiente, isso só poderia ser causado pela elevação das pressões atriais.
Que transmitidas aos capilares, poderia prejudicar a troca alveolar.
.
A resposta está na sucção do sangue do átrio pelo ventrículo esquerdo.
Sucção essa derivada da energia armazenada na sístole e liberada na diástole.
.
Sucção também conhecida como onda e´ !!!!
.
O estresse sistólico aumentado na taquicardia fisiológica provoca uma sucção elevada.
.

Campinas no JACC: RM funciona!

Link aqui.
.

Quantification of Extracellular Matrix Expansion by CMR in Infiltrative Heart Disease

.
Methods  We performed 3-T CMR in 38 patients (mean age 68 ± 15 years) who were referred for assessment of infiltrative heart disease and also in 9 healthy volunteers as control subjects. The T1 quantification by Look-Locker gradient-echo before and after contrast determined segmental myocardial partition coefficients. The ECF was obtained by referencing the tissue partition coefficient for gadolinium to the plasma volume fraction in blood, derived from serum hematocrit. Cine CMR and LGE imaging in matching locations were also performed.
.
Conclusions  The CMR ECF quantification identified substantial expansion of the interstitial space in patients with CA compared with volunteers.
.
François-Pierre Mongeon, MD, SM; Michael Jerosch-Herold, PhD; Otávio Rizzi Coelho-Filho, MD, MPH; Ron Blankstein, MD; Rodney H. Falk, MD; Raymond Y. Kwong, MD, MPH
.
.
A RM é muito boa para avaliar estruturas e micronatomia. 
Quando dirigida a essas investigações, os resultado são impressionantes.
.
A Amiloidose aumenta os espaços intersticiais e esse aumento se relaciona com a gravidade da doença no coração.
.
Nosso colega da UNICAMP participa desse trabalho pioneiro.
.

Eficiente sim, simples não.

A Simple Echocardiographic Prediction Rule for Hemodynamics in Pulmonary Hypertension

.
.
.
The derived prediction rule ranged from -2 to +2 with higher scores suggesting higher probability of PHPVD: +1 point for left atrial AP dimension10; -1 for left atrial AP dimension>4.2cm. PVR increased stepwise with score (for -2, 0 and +2, μPVR were 2.5, 4.5, and 8.1WU) while the inverse was true for PAWP (corresponding μPAWP were 21.5, 16.5 and 10.4mmHg). Among subjects with complete data, the score had an AUC of 0.921 for PHPVD. A score ≥0 had 100% sensitivity and 69.3% positive predictive value for PHPVD, with 62.3% specificity. No patients with a negative score had PHPVD. Patients with a negative score and acceleration time >100msec had normal PVR (μPVR=1.8WU, range=0.7-3.2WU).
.
Simples, não é !
.

Quem sabe fazer contas, faz Estresse.

.
Compre aqui o livro para fazer direito.
.
Qualquer ecocardiografista que faça estresse físico ganha 80,00 reais por exame na região.
Com um serviço bem ajustado, faz 3 exames por hora sem correria.
Isso sem ser sócio da máquina!
.
Dá para ganhar 960,00 em meio período.
.
Vejo ecocardiografistas reclamando do ganho mensal.
Pergunto: Faz estresse?
Não, então está explicado.
.
Nem precisa fazer o curso da Echotalk, até a concorrência que maldizia o esforço hoje dá curso de estresse físico.
.
Compre um bom livro de estresse, faça qualquer curso de eco de esforço e divirta-se!
.

Placas de diabéticos evoluem mais rapidamente

LINK

.

Impact of type 2 diabetes on serial changes in tissue characteristics of coronary plaques: an integrated backscatter intravascular ultrasound analysis

.

Conclusion Accelerated plaque progression with an increase in the lipid-rich component of non-culprit plaques was observed in T2DM, despite the use of standard medical treatment. 
.

.
.
Agora, em ultrassom coronário, as novas evidências.
As placas são diferentes nos diabéticos e por isso respondem pouco ao tratamento convencional.
.


Escore de Cálcio: Zero pode ser alto risco.

Meaning of zero coronary calcium score in symptomatic patients referred for coronary computed tomographic angiography

.
.
Conclusion A CCS of zero cannot be used by itself to exclude obstructive CAD in symptomatic patients referred for coronary CT angiography (CCTA). The prevalence of obstructive CAD and adverse cardiac events are not negligible in symptomatic patients with a CCS of zero, and CAD severity by CCTA is associated with higher rates of adverse cardiac event.
.
.
Mesmo estudando uma população relativamente jovem, 58 anos, e fazendo Tomo em todo mundo, este estudo mostrou que Escore de Cálcio Zero não é certeza de coronárias limpas.
Muito pelo contrário.
.

Álcool e Strain: Só para quem sabe fazer.

Early Detection of Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction Using Two-Dimensional Speckle Tracking Strain Evaluation in Healthy Subjects after Acute Alcohol Intoxication
.
LINK
.

Conclusion: Alcohol intoxication around festive days induces acute LV contraction abnormalities, which may be detected using global LS by speckle tracking at an earlier stage and more accurately than LVEF decreases.
.

.
Bebidas fazem mal ao coração.
E o Strain registra as alterações!
.
E têm ecocardiografista que não sabe fazer Strain!!!!
.

A Tomo do terceiro elemento.

.
Assista aqui.
.
Parece que a Tomo vai fazer poeira ainda por muito tempo na coronariografia.
.
Um novo detector permite o uso de baixíssimas doses e exames com mais definição espacial e temporal.
.
Alguns exames já usam 0,5 mSv e podem usar menos ainda.
.
O interessante da Tomo é que ela usa princípios de imagem ainda simples, lembrando o RX.
.

Strain: Quem não entende vai ficar para trás…

.
O colega Ronaldo se dedica ao método e ensina de maneira prática a aplicação.
.
Quem acompanha o blog já percebeu a avalanche de artigos utilizando o Strain nas mais variadas patologias.
.
E melhor, o software é relativamente barato ou até de graça no Esaote!
.
Ao perceber na minha região que têm ecocardiografistas que não fazem nem o Doppler tecidual , fico pensando o que eles estarão fazendo daqui a 5 anos…
.

A era da mini máquinas. Vscan e cia.

March of the machines: handheld echo goes mainstream 

EUROECHO & other Imaging Modalities 2011


.
The EAE is currently in the process of developing a new two part training programme for non-cardiologists due to start next year. 
LINK
.

.
Two studies published earlier this year have helped allay concerns about clinical effectiveness and image quality. In the first, Nuno Cardim and colleagues from the Hospital da Luz (Lisborn, Portugal) examined 189 outpatients using both conventional clinical examinations and the handheld devices to see if the handheld device delivered additional information (J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2011; 24:117-24). Results showed that in 14% of patients an identification for transfer was made by sonography while the clinical examination spoke against it, and in nearly one third of cases the clinical examination indicated a referral while sonography spoke against it. Handheld devices, the investigators concluded, offered additional information thereby reducing the number of unnecessary additional echocardiograms while increasing the number of useful echocardiograms.
.
In the second study, Voigt, together with Christian Prinz, assessed 349 consecutive patients referred for echocardiography with both the GE V scan system and a “high-end” echo system ( Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography 2011;24:111-6). Results showed that endocardial visibility grades and regional wall-motion scores with the two systems were comparable and significantly correlated .
.
“We were completely astonished by the good quality of the images we got with the handheld device. It showed that for the things you can use them for you can have a degree of confidence close to conventional echo machines,” said Voigt
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Esse blog tem mostrado imagens e diagnósticos surpreendentes com o uso do Vscan.
Mas dito em inglês, fica bem mais convincente!!!!!
.

.