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http://ehjcimaging.oxfordjournals.org/content/13/5/385.full

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Left ventricular fluid dynamics in heart failure: echocardiographic measurement and utilities of vortex formation time

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Conclusion Vortex Formation Time , a dimensionless index, incorporating LV geometry, systolic and diastolic parameters, may be useful in the diagnosis and prognosis of HF.

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Vejam como é possível fazer o cálculo do Vórtice com contas básicas do ecocardiograma. Sem uso de contraste.

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Intracardiac flow visualization: current status and future directions

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