SEV ( self-expandable valves ) were associated with a lower frequency of PPM compared with BEV ( balloon-expandable valves ) irrespective of annulus area. The difference was mainly driven by larger patients with BSA >1.83 m2.
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Por que as auto expandidas geram menos gradiente e mismatch?
Comparada à expandida por balão:
Hipótese:
Como a maioria dos pacientes são idosos com septo sigmóide, uma prótese que age mais profundamente na via de saída pode ajudar no gradiente pré valvar.
Prevalence and Outcomes of Mitral Stenosis in Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: Findings From the Society of Thoracic Surgeons/American College of Cardiology Transcatheter Valve Therapies Registry
MS was present in 11.6% of cohort (mean age, 82 years; 52% males), being severe in 2.7%. Severe MS was associated with higher in-hospital mortality rates (5.6% vs. 3.9% for nonsevere MS and 4.1% for no MS; p = 0.02)
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Outro
In the survey, the elderly population was about 40%, and mitral annular calcification determined 10%, 30% and 60% of the mitral stenosis for groups with increasingly advanced age, respectively from 60 to 70 years, from 70 to 80 years, and over 80 years
Mean MV gradient mm Hg±standard deviation (95% confidence interval)
7±3 (5–8)
3±1 (2–3)
p<0.0001
Mean AV gradient mm Hg±standard deviation (95% confidence interval)
27±15 (21–34)
14±14 (8–21)
p=0.01
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Existe um descrédito com a fisiopatologia da Estenose Mitral em idosos mas o gradiente acima mostra que existe a diferença dinâmica e para vencer a barreira, é preciso elevar a pressão.
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O PHT não é adequado para a área Mitral em idosos por clara disfunção diastólica adicional.
Planimetria pode ajudar mas a calcificação prejudica a definição de bordas.
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Ao exame bidimensional, a redução da abertura não parece reduzir a área de 3,5 cm² para a metade ou menos (1,75cm²).
Bicycle or dobutamine stress echocardiography can be particularly clinically useful in this situation, giving the opportunity to augment flow and measure the resultant change in hemodynamics non-invasively.
The test allows an objective measure of exercise performance, it also permits a measure of the heart rate response to exercise (excessive tachycardia causes a disproportionate increase in gradient) as well as allowing a comprehensive assessment of change in transmitral gradient, mitral valve area and the pulmonary artery systolic pressure .
Diabetes causes LA enlargement that is independent of the effects of coexistent HT and DD.
Como o Diabetes pode afetar o átrio esquerdo sem ser dependente da disfunção diastólica?
. We examined the relationship between LAVI to age, group (DM and control groups), E/E′ ratio, LVMI, diastolic grade, LVEF, and presence of HT to determine univariate predictors of LAVI. These predictors were entered into a logistic regression analysis (Table 5). In this model, a statistically significant relationship was only present between LAVI and presence of diabetes (P< 0.0001), adjusting for all other covariates including the diastolic grade and presence of HT. The logistic regression model demonstrated a predictive value (power) of 0.88 for the patient group (i.e. presence of diabetes) to LAVI.
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Sabemos que a dilatação atrial depende da transmissão de pressões elevadas na diástole ventricular.
Por que não foi detectada ao Strain e E/e´?
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Pacientes renais crônicos em diálise podem ter elevações nos volumes atriais sem alterações clássicas da diástole ao tecidual.
Encontrado também também em pacientes com insuficiência hepática.
Teria o diabético uma alteração na volemia como sugerem alguns estudos?